Annual Congress on Plant Biology & Plant Breeding November 09-10, 2020 Tokyo, Japan

Plant molecular biology is the study of molecular basis of plant life, genetic constituents of cells and their characteristics. The coding of protein by specific genes for a specific function, alteration of molecular mechanisms to develop a new enhanced variety. Molecular biology studies have the potential to bring revolutionary changes in agricultural sciences and to develop variety of new hybrids, in combination with different aspects of biotechnology.

Phycology is the study of algae, basically an aquatic plant ranging from microscopic structures to macroscopic shrubs also. They are of immense importance to ecology as produce many useful products. They are being used for making biodiesel, extraction of protein and other enzymes, is autotrophic and hence produces its own food, produces oxygen for animals. They are at the beginning of food chains, eating on dead and decaying and releasing various essential minerals for other organisms to survive.

Herbs, spices and medicinal plants have been in use since centuries, they have been food for some, therapeutics for many deadly diseases and spices for flavoring as well as curing agents. Especially in Asian continent, their importance has always been remarkable and is a home to many indigenous herbs and condiments. Many plants like tulsi, neem, onion, turmeric, moringa have many therapeutic properties.

Abiotic and biotic stresses are two major factors for development of any organism and any system. Abiotic stresses are the non-living ones like environmental conditions, and biotic are the living ones like humans, animals and microbial cells. These two factors together can effect a plant growth to a great extent in positive as well as in negative way. Managing these two factors will be beneficial for crop quality and quantity both.

As, photo biology is the study of effect of light on organisms, and hence relates to photosynthesis as it requires sunlight to occur. Photosynthesis is the phenomenon by which plants make their food in presence of sunlight and release energy, water and oxygen as by-product. The way plants respond to sunlight and process energy is all combined with photobiology and its related aspects and knowledge about them can explain other processes in plants relating to response with light

Plant taxonomy is the hierarchy that plant have followed throughout their evolution and growth, or the division of different kingdoms that has made it convenient to study about their characteristics, morphology and other related aspects. From undifferentiated thallophytes to highly differentiated angiosperms, kingdom Plantae has evolved itself a lot.

Kingdom Plantae has evolved it from being thallophytic to till date angiosperms. From undifferentiated thallophytic to pteridophytes and ferns, from non- flowering bryophytes to flowering angiosperms, plants have evolved a lot. All green plants, also called viridiplantae produce their own food; have developed xylem and phloem for transportation of water and food. All these variations over centuries have led to speciation and different species formed.

Nanotechnology is a science that deals with nanomaterial and molecules in Nano range. Bulk matter and its Nano particles have different characteristics; they have varied shape, size, chemical and physical properties. Nanoparticles have large surface to volume ratios, they are very target specific because of small size. These days a lot of researches are going on, specially towards green biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by using plants. The amalgamations of natural therapeutic properties of plants have proven to enhance conventional properties many folds. For e.g.; Neem Nano particles using Silver or tin metals.

Horticulture science is related to both the science as well as aesthetics for growing flowers. Flowers have been playing a significant role in ecology and enhancing aesthetics for any place. Horticulturists are the specialists in horticulture sciences, the art of cultivating edible fruits, vegetables, flowers, herbs, and ornamental plants, augmenting their quality and marketing. There are three areas in horticulture pomology, olericulture and ornamental horticulture.

Weeds are defined as unwanted plants that compete with crops and limit their growth; even pest hinders the development of plants so both these factors become limiting for any plant. Weedicides and pesticides have been in use to eliminate these threats, but later on they cause bioaccumulation and are fatal to all life forms. Natural or bio pesticides and weedicides have been introduced to tackle issue of bioaccumulation. Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of pesticidal compounds in successive levels of food chain and is never degraded naturally; metals like mercury, lead and other heavy metals have proved to be fatal to all organisms.

Plant pathology is the science relating to diseases of plant, either caused by some micro-organism (virus, bacteria, fungus etc.) or due to prevailing environmental stresses. A Plant pathologist is a specialist in dealing with plant diseases, mechanism related to diseases, interaction between causative organism and the plant. Plant pathology studies helps to identify various diseases and possible preventions and cures to them.